Glossary

IP transit is a carrier service that provides routed connectivity from your network to the global internet.

IP transport moves IP packets across carrier networks with engineered paths, QoS, and SLAs.

Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) monitors network traffic in real time to detect and automatically block malicious activity.

IP Security (IPsec) secures IP traffic with encryption, integrity, and authentication—most often for VPNs.

IPv4/IPv6 addresses are unique numeric labels that identify devices and enable routing across networks.

IT Management is the discipline of planning, delivering, securing, and improving technology to meet business goals.

Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) is the practice of contracting IT services to third-party providers.

An Intelligent Virtual Agent (IVA) automates customer support with AI-driven responses.

IVR (Interactive Voice Response) is an automated phone system that interacts with callers using menus and voice commands.

An Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is where networks interconnect to exchange traffic locally.

Incident Response (IR) is a structured process to detect, contain, and recover from cyber attacks.

Indoor Location Services track people and assets inside buildings using Wi-Fi, BLE, UWB, sensors, and software.

International Private Backbone is a dedicated global network that links sites with predictable latency, security, and uptime.

IoT connects physical devices that sense, share data, and trigger actions over networks.

Internet of Behaviors (IoB) analyzes user data to influence decisions and improve services.

IoT Security is the practice of protecting connected devices, networks, and data across the device lifecycle—from onboarding to retirement.

LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a 4G wireless standard delivering fast mobile data.

Mobile Device Management (MDM) secures and controls mobile devices across an enterprise.

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) adds layers of security by requiring multiple verifications.

A Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MITM) intercepts and alters data between two parties.

MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) enables sending images, video, and audio over mobile networks.

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a data-carrying technique for high-performance telecommunications networks.

Minimum Point of Entry (MPOE) is the demarcation where a provider’s network enters a building.

Managed Response Service (MRS) is 24/7 expert-led containment and recovery that stops active threats and restores operations fast.

Managed Security Services (MSS) provide outsourced 24/7 monitoring, threat response, and compliance reporting.

Managed Dark Web Monitoring Service continuously finds exposed credentials and data tied to your company.

MDR is a 24/7 managed security service that detects, investigates, and stops threats across your environment.

Managed Network Services outsource monitoring, management, and support of networks to a specialist provider.

Managed WiFi is a service where providers deploy, monitor, and support wireless networks for businesses.

Metro Ethernet Transport is a Carrier Ethernet service that links metro-area sites at Layer 2 with SLAs for speed, latency, and uptime.

Direct Routing connects Microsoft Teams to the PSTN using certified SBCs and SIP trunks for enterprise calling.

Multi-Cloud uses two or more cloud providers to optimize cost, performance, and resilience.

Multi-channel is serving customers across multiple communication channels like voice, email, chat, SMS, and social.

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) replaces hardware with software to deliver flexible, virtualized network services.

Natural Language Generation (NLG) uses AI to turn structured data into human language.

A Network Operations Center (NOC) is a 24/7 team that monitors, troubleshoots, and maintains networks to keep users and sites online.

Network firewalls inspect and control traffic to block threats and enforce security policies at network boundaries.

Network Monitoring tracks performance, availability, and faults to maintain reliable connectivity.

Optical Transport Network (OTN) transmits large volumes of data over fiber optics.

Omni-channel unifies channels, data, and routing so customer context follows every interaction.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a system of technologies, policies, and processes used to manage digital certificates and encryption keys.

POTS Replacement moves analog copper lines to IP/LTE solutions that keep dial tone for alarms, elevators, and fax.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) is a data link protocol for direct connections over serial links.

PRI is a digital ISDN trunk that delivers many 64-kbps voice channels between a PBX and the phone network.

Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is the global circuit-switched telephone network that carries traditional voice calls.

Penetration testing is a simulated attack that exposes exploitable weaknesses so teams can fix real risks first.

Physical Security is protecting people, facilities, and assets with layered controls that deter, detect, delay, and respond to threats.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides managed runtimes and tools to build and run apps without managing servers.

Power over Ethernet (PoE) delivers electric power and data through a single Ethernet cable.

Predictive dialers automate outbound calling by using algorithms to maximize agent talk time.

Public, Private & Hybrid Cloud are deployment models for where and how you run workloads.

Quality of Experience (QoE) is a measure of end-user satisfaction when interacting with a digital service, application, or network.

Quality of Service (QoS) prioritizes network traffic to ensure performance for key applications.

Quality Score is a measure of ad relevance and user experience.

Quantum Computing as a Service (QCaaS) delivers access to quantum computing power via the cloud.

Remote Browser Inspection (RBI) isolates web browsing in a remote container so content is inspected and threats never reach endpoints.

A Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) is a post-AT&T-breakup local telephone carrier that operates incumbent access networks.

Robotic Desktop Automation (RDA) automates repetitive user tasks on desktop systems.

Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is a technology that uses software “robots” or “bots” to replicate human actions within digital systems.

Remote Home Working is employees doing work from home with reliable access, collaboration, and security.

Risk Assessment is the process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing risks to inform decisions.

SASE converges SD-WAN networking with cloud security to protect users, apps, and data—everywhere.

Security Awareness Training teaches employees to recognize, avoid, and report cyber threats.

SD-WAN uses software to steer traffic across links for better performance, security, and cost.

A Software-Defined Perimeter (SDP) secures access by dynamically creating network boundaries.

A Secure Email Gateway filters inbound/outbound email to block phishing, malware, spam, and enforce policy.

SIEM centralizes and analyzes logs to detect, investigate, and report security threats in real time.

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol that sets up, manages, and ends real-time voice/video sessions over IP.

SIP Trunking connects a PBX to the PSTN over IP, delivering scalable, cost-efficient calling with control and redundancy.

A Service Level Agreement (SLA) is a contract that defines performance targets, measurement, reporting, and remedies.

Short Message Service (SMS) is the standard text messaging protocol for mobile communication.

Security Orchestration Automation and Response (SOAR) integrates tools to automate and coordinate security responses.

A Security Operations Center (SOC) is a 24/7 team that monitors, detects, and responds to threats.

Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is a DNS rule that declares which servers may send email for a domain.

Secure Service Edge (SSE) delivers cloud security—SWG, CASB, ZTNA, and DLP—to enforce zero-trust access for users anywhere.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a now-deprecated protocol for encrypting data in transit; modern sites use TLS for HTTPS.

Single sign-on (SSO) lets users access many apps with one login, reducing passwords, friction, and support tickets.

A Secure Web Gateway inspects and filters web traffic to block threats, enforce policy, and keep users safe.

SaaS management platforms centralize discovery, spend, security, and usage across all your cloud applications.

Security as a Service (SECaaS) is a delivery model where security functions are provided over the internet by a third-party vendor.

Self-Service Business Intelligence allows users to analyze and visualize business data without IT support.

Speech analytics analyzes customer calls to extract insights, improve service, and ensure compliance.

Storage as a Service (STaaS) provides scalable, cloud-based data storage on demand.

Strategic Cloud Platform Services is a unified cloud foundation to build, run, secure, and scale apps.

The Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA) restricts telemarketing and robocalls.

Telecom Expense Management (TEM) is the practice and tools to audit, manage, and optimize telecom and mobility spend and inventory.

A Threat Intelligence Platform (TIP) aggregates and analyzes threat data for action.

Threat Intelligence (TI) is data on cyber threats used to strengthen security defenses.

A Unified Messaging System (UMS) consolidates email, voicemail, fax, and SMS into one platform.

Unified Threat Management (UTM) is a security solution that consolidates multiple protective technologies into a single platform.

Unified Communications as a Service (UCaaS) delivers cloud calling, messaging, and meetings as one managed platform across devices and locations.

Unified Endpoint Management tools manage, secure, and configure devices and apps from a single platform.

Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) hosts desktop environments on a central server.

A Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) segments a physical network into isolated groups.

Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS) connects multiple sites with a shared Ethernet LAN.

Virtual Private Network (VPN) creates an encrypted tunnel so users or sites connect securely over untrusted networks.

A Virtual CISO (vCISO) provides outsourced security leadership and strategy for organizations.

Virtual hold technology lets callers keep their place in line without waiting on hold.

Vulnerability Management finds, prioritizes, and fixes weaknesses across systems, apps, and cloud.

Web Application and API Protection (WAAP) is a cloud security stack that protects web apps and APIs from attacks, abuse, and data leakage.